Seasonal Movements of Brown Bears in the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island
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Abstract
Space use is one of the main issues of wildlife ecology applicable to the practice of managing their populations. We studied the length and characteristics of seasonal movements of brown bears (Ursus arctos) using satellite tracking for three females and one male in Kamchatka Peninsula in 2005–2006 and two females and one male – on Sakhalin Island in 2011–2012. The females’ movements length during the year amounted to 590.3 and 537.5 km in Kamchatka and 636.9 and 609.7 km in Sakhalin. The sum of movement length of females in spring (32.1–110.5 km) was less than in summer (272.0– 411.7 km) and autumn (140.3–197.1 km). An average of 63.4% of the annual movements of females occurred in the summer, 27.8% in the fall, and 8.8% in the spring. The farthest short-term transition occurred in August, while male in Kamchatka covered 119.4 km in three days. The index of seasonal movements (the ratio of the sum of linear distances of bear to the number of days in a given season) was minimal in spring (0.7 km) for one of the Sakhalin females and maximum in autumn (9.5 km) for male in Kamchatka. Changes in the index of seasonal movements from month to month for all females had a similar tendency. In the pre- and post-denning periods, females showed low locomotor activity or minor (up to 8.7 km) transitions. In animals of one region, the movement’s length differed in different years of one month. Females with cubs made shorter seasonal transitions. The characteristic and range of movements depended on the distribution of food, in particular Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawning in rivers. The results are important for managing brown bear populations in the Russian Far East.
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References
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