Deer of the genus Cervus as prey of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Middle Sikhote-Alin
##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.main##
Google Scholar
##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.details##
Abstract
In order to study the predation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) on the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (C. nippon), studies were conducted in the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve and its environs (south of the Russian Far East) in 1992–2023. The remains of 25 deer killed by lynxes were examined. The predators mainly preyed on young deer, and only four individuals were adult females. Red and sika deer are the largest and most difficult to obtain prey for lynxes in the Middle Sikhote-Alin. Based on the tracks, it was established that lynxes used sneaking when hunting deer. The predator’s jumps during prey stalking were from 2.1 to 3.7 m long. Lynxes got deer by jumping on their necks and causing fatal damage to the respiratory tract and cervical spine. The predators fed on the deer they got for 2 to 6 days. The ecological relationships between the lynx and its prey in the Reserve are natural. The Eurasian lynx and both species of deer are game species in the Russian Far East, so their relationships should be taken into account in the sustainable management of animal populations.
Authors
References
Бромлей Г. Ф., Кучеренко С. П. Копытные юга Дальнего Востока СССР. – Москва : Наука, 1983. – 305 с.
Ветренников В. В. Геологическое строение Сихотэ-Алинского государственного заповедника и Центрального Сихотэ-Алиня. – Владивосток : Дальневост. кн. изд-во, 1976. – 167 с.
Маковкин Л. И. Дикий пятнистый олень Лазовского заповедника и сопредельных территорий : (Материалы исслед. 1981–1996 гг.). – Владивосток : Рус. Остров, 1999. – 133 с.
Рысь. Региональные особенности экологии, использования и охраны / отв. ред.: Е. Н. Матюшкин, М. А. Вайсфельд. – Москва : Наука, 2003. – 523 с.
Серёдкин И. В. Применение радиотелеметрии и спутникового слежения для изучения использования территории дикими животными на Дальнем Востоке России // Ареалы, миграции и другие перемещения диких животных : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (г. Владивосток, 25–27 нояб. 2014 г.) / Тихоокеан. ин-т географии Дальневост. отд-ния РАН [и др.]. – Владивосток : Рея, 2014. – С. 292–299.
Серёдкин И. В., Зайцев В. А., Гудрич Д. М., Микелл Д. Г., Петруненко Ю. К. Состав добычи и значение кабана (Sus scrofa) в питании амурского тигра (Panthera tigris altaica) Среднего Сихотэ-Алиня // Успехи наук о жизни. – 2012. – № 5. – С. 77–93.
Собанский Г. Г. Звери Алтая. Ч. 1. Крупные хищники и копытные. – Новосибирск ; Москва : Т-во науч. изд. КМК, 2008. – 404 с.
Сутырина С. В., Гудрич Д. М., Микелл Д. Г. Рысь в Сихотэ-Алинском заповеднике // Результаты охраны и изучения природных комплексов Сихотэ-Алиня : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 70-летию ... заповедника, п. Терней, Примор. край, 20–23 сент. 2005 г / редкол.: Е. В. Потиха [и др.]. – Владивосток : Примполиграфкомбинат, 2005. – С. 333–341.
Юдин В. Г. Волк Дальнего Востока России. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2013. – 412 с.
Юдин В. Г., Юдина Е. В. Рысь Дальнего Востока России. – Владивосток : ТИГ ДВО РАН, 2019. – 424 с.
Юдин В. Г., Юдина Е. В. Тигр Дальнего Востока России. – Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2009. – 485 с.
Buzan E., Potočnik H., Pokorny B., Potušek S., Iacolina L., Gerič U., Urzi F., Kos I. Molecular analysis of scats revealed diet and prey choice of grey wolves and Eurasian lynx in the contact zone between the Dinaric Mountains and the Alps // Frontiers in Zoology. – 2024. – Vol. 21, iss. 1. – Art. 9. – URL: https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-024-00530-6. – Publ.: 19.03.2024.
Cerveny J., Bufka L. Lynx (Lynx lynx) in South-Western Bohemia // Acta Scientiarum Naturalium – Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae, Brno. – 1996. – Vol. 30. – P. 16–33.
Duľa M., Krofel M. A cat in paradise: hunting and feeding behaviour of Eurasian lynx among abundant naive prey // Mammalian Biology. – 2020. – Vol. 100. – P. 685–690. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-020-00070-6
Jędrzejewski W., Schmidt K., Miłkowski L., Jędrzejewska B., Okarma H. Foraging by lynx and its role in ungulate mortality: the local (Białowieża Forest) and the Palaearctic viewpoints // Acta Theriologica. – 1993. – Vol. 38, no. 4. – P. 385–403. – https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.93-30
Kerley L. L. Mukhacheva A. S., Matyukhina D. S., Salmanova E., Salkina G. P., Miquelle D. G. A comparison of food habits and prey preference of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at three sites in the Russian Far East // Integrative Zoology. – 2015. – Vol. 10, iss. 4. – P. 354–364. – https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12135
Krofel M., Skrbinšek T., Mohorović M. Using video surveillance to monitor feeding behaviour and kleptoparasitism at Eurasian lynx kill sites // Folia Zoologica. – 2019. – Vol. 68, no. 4. – P. 274–284. – https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.037.2019
Leyhausen P. Cat Behavior. The Predatory and Social Behavior of Domestic and Wild Cats. – New York [et al.] : Garland STPM Press, 1979. – 340 p.
Mazzolli M. Lethal biting behaviour of pumas (Carnivora, Felidae) interpreted from fractured skull of prey // Neotropical Biology and Conservation. – 2013. – Vol. 8, iss. 1. – P. 63–66. – https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2013.81.08
Melovski D., Ivanov G., Stojanov A., Avukatov V., Gonev A., Pavlov A., Breitenmoser U., von Arx M., Filla M., Krofel M., Signer J., Balkenhol N. First insight into the spatial and foraging ecology of the critically endangered Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx balcanicus, Buresh 1941) // Hystrix. The Italian Journal of Mammalogy. – 2020. – Vol. 31, iss. 1. – P. 26–34. – https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-00254-2019
Mysłajek R. W., Stachyra P., Figura M., Nowak S. Food habits of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in southeast Poland // Journal of Vertebrate Biology. – 2022. – Vol. 71. – Art. 21061. – URL: https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-biology/volume-71/issue-21061/jvb.21061/Food-habits-of-the-Eurasian-lynx-Lynx-lynx-in-southeast/10.25225/jvb.21061.full. – Publ.: 01.12.2021.
Okarma H., Jędrzejewski W., Schmidt K., Kowalczyk R., Jędrzejewska B. Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland // Acta Theriologica. – 1997. – Vol. 42, no. 2. – P. 203–224. – https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.97-22
Schulz V. Condition, sex and age of red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus in Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx diet compared to hunting bags in the Harz Mountains, Germany : thesis for master’s degree / Techn. Univ. of Braunschweig. – Braunschweig, 2016. – 46 p.
van Beeck Calkoen S. T. S., Kuijper D. P. J., Apollonio M., Blondel L., Dormann C. F., Storch I., Heurich M. Numerical top-down effects on red deer (Cervus elaphus) are mainly shaped by humans rather than large carnivores across Europe // Journal of Applied Ecology. – 2023. – Vol. 60, iss. 12. – P. 2625–2635. – https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14526