Antiradical Activity Estimation of Secondary Carotenoids of Four Green Microalgae Species from Order Sphaeropleales in vitro
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Abstract
New data on growth characteristics, accumulation of secondary carotenoids and their antiradical activity in 4 species of green microalgae (order Sphaeropleales) Pseudospongiococcum protococcoides, Bracteacoccus minor, Coelastrella rubescens and Cromochloris zofingiensis in a two-stage batch culture using urea as the sole source of nitrogen are presented. It was shown that all the studied species grow well on the urea medium. At the first stage, their specific growth rates (maximum 0.28–0.37 day– 1 and average 0.15–0.17 day–1) and dry biomass productivity (0.08–0.09 g·l–1·day–1) did not differ significantly. At the second stage, the biosynthesis of secondary carotenoids was induced using a stress complex, including: 10-fold decrease in nitrogen and phosphorus in the medium, 12-fold culture dilution, doubled round-the-clock lighting, CO2 supply, NaCl addition on the 8th day to a concentration of 200 mmol·l–1 in the medium. The response of the cultures to the stress-induction of secondary carotenogenesis was similar: the accumulation of biomass, the decrease in chlorophyll levels and the accumulation of secondary carotenoids. Biomass crop productivity calculated for the entire experiment was 0.41–0.53 g·l–1·day–1 at maximum values for P. protococcoides and C. rubescens with a final total carotenoid content in dry biomass of 2.3–3.9 mg·g–1 at maximum values in B. minor. For all species, a technologically significant yield of secondary carotenoids from a liter of the initial culture was obtained (1.1–1.6 mg·l–1·day–1). The antiradical activity of carotenoid extracts of the investigated species was evaluated by the reaction with the stable radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) in two parameters: “percent inhibition of DPPH•” (I%) and “effective concentration” (EC50). Extracts of all species showed a higher antiradical activity (at 49.30–70.33%) than the synthetic antioxidant 2.6butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, or ionol). It was shown that, according to the combination of production and antiradical properties of C. rubescens and P. protococcoides, this species can be considered as the most promising potential sources of secondary carotenoids for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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References
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