Генетическая инженерия в биотехнологии микроводорослей: достижения и перспективы
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Аннотация
В данном обзоре обобщается информация о применении методов генной инженерии для модификации диатомовых и зелёных микроводорослей с целью получения штаммов с улучшенными или заданными признаками. Рассматриваются кратко основные методы, достигнутые результаты и перспективы использования генетически модифицированных штаммов микроводорослей в биотехнологии. Представлены успешные примеры применения методов направленного редактирования генома для модификации модельных видов микроводорослей Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A.Dangeard, 1888 и Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, 1897. Показано, что нокауты и оверэкспрессия ключевых генов позволяют значительно увеличивать накопление липидов в биомассе водорослей без существенного влияния на рост, демонстрируя перспективность данного подхода в оптимизации биотехнологического потенциала штаммов.
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